Citrinin pathway
WebCitrinin appears to be toxic by multiple pathways including inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, inhibition of microtubule assembly and tubulin polymerization, alteration of … WebApr 7, 2024 · Citrinin and additional polyketide biosynthesis genes (pksCT, ctnA, and Mga1, for example) have also been found . Citrinin production can be reduced or eliminated by manipulating culturing conditions [ 228 ], developing strains incapable of synthesizing citrinin by metabolic and genetic engineering [ 229 ], and simply screening for genera …
Citrinin pathway
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WebThe citrinin was completely detoxified by prior incubation with 0.05% hydrogen peroxide for 30 min at room temperature, and the toxic compound (s) that resulted from heating citrinin at 100 degrees C were also detoxified upon reheating it with hydrogen peroxide. WebJun 1, 2024 · Citrinin, a secondary metabolite, can pose serious risks to the environment and organisms, but its hepatotoxic mechanisms are still unclear. ... (ATP), activating AMPK pathway in L02 cells. Eventually, pretreatment with NAC, an ROS inhibitor, alleviates citrinin-induced cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis by inhibiting ROS-mediated ER …
Citrinin is a mycotoxin which is often found in food. It is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi that contaminates long-stored food and it causes different toxic effects, like nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic and cytotoxic effects. Citrinin is mainly found in stored grains, but sometimes also in fruits and other plant products. See more Citrinin was one of the many mycotoxins discovered by H. Raistrick and A.C. Hetherington in the 1930s. In 1941 H. Raistrick and G. Smith identified citrinin to have a broad antibacterial activity. After this discovery the … See more Citrinin is a polyketide mycotoxin, which is a secondary metabolite of some fungi species. Its IUPAC name is (3R,4S)-4,6-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-3H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid and the molecular formula is C13H14O5. Citrinin has a … See more Citrinin is biosynthesized by fungi species of Penicillium, Monascus and Aspergillus. For the production of citrinin, a minimal set of genes is needed. These genes are conserved in most … See more Reddy et al. (1982) described the distribution and metabolism of [ C]Citrinin in pregnant rats. These rats were subcutaneously administered with 35 mg/kg C-labeled citrinin on day 12 of pregnancy. From plasma concentrations it could be concluded … See more The existing information on occurrence of citrinin in food suggests that relatively high citrinin concentrations can be found in stored grains and … See more There are different types of toxicity. The types of toxicity that have been studied for citrinin are acute toxicity, nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity and its carcinogenicity. Acute toxicity See more Various in vitro studies have revealed the involvement of citrinin toxicity in reduced cytokine production, inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis, … See more WebMay 27, 2024 · In our bodies, toxins are detoxed and excreted through a few pathways. Routes of elimination include urine, stool, bile and through our skin. Other routes include tears and saliva but are negligible in the realm of detoxification. ... This prebiotic has been shown to bind to citrinin, which a wide variety of molds produce. Using a variety of ...
WebJun 28, 2024 · In addition, changes in transcription factor expression may also influence the network regulating the citrinin synthesis pathway in M. purpureus. Moreover, the yields of pigments produced by the ... WebDec 16, 2024 · He, Y. Construction of a High-Efficiency Gene Knockout System of Monascus ruber M7 and Analysis of the Biosynthetic Pathway of Citrinin. Ph.D. Thesis, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China, 2015; pp. 113–118. [Google Scholar] He, Y.; Cox, R.J. The molecular steps of citrinin biosynthesis in fungi.
WebCitrinin, which is biosynthesized from a pentaketide through the acetate–malonate pathway with three C 1-sources, causes renal damage in swine. It has also been …
WebJun 1, 2007 · The mycotoxin CTN (citrinin), a natural contaminant in foodstuffs and animal feeds, has cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on various mammalian cells. CTN is known to cause cell injury, including apoptosis, but the precise regulatory mechanisms of CTN action, particularly in stem cells and embryos, are … enlisted in militaryWebHence, many studies have focused on improving the ratio of monacolin K to citrinin through optimal cultivation or fermentation. Given that citrinin and monacolin K biosynthetic gene clusters are ... dr forrester cardiologyWebJun 15, 2009 · Furthermore, co-exposure of HEK293 cells to CTN and MAPK pathway inhibitors demonstrated that CTN increased the levels of Gadd45{beta} mRNA through ERK1/2 signaling pathway and up-regulated the MMP3 transcripts majorly via … enlisted internet connection lostWebNational Center for Biotechnology Information enlisted interservice transfer usmc to navyWebAbstract ：Two cDNA subtractive libraries of Monascus were constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) andscreened of correlative genes from the citrinin biosynthetic pathway in Monascus species. All clones in the two libraries weresequenced and the results were analyzed by bioinformatic softwares. enlisted interservice transfer usmcdr forrest dee whyWebUV-Vis scan and UPLC detection showed that disruption of Mrhst4 significantly increased the MonAzPs yields, and citrinin content was dramatically enhanced during the tested period. RT-qPCR results showed that the absence of Mrhst4 significantly increased the relative expression of citrinin biosynthetic pathway genes including pksCT, mrl1, mrl2 ... enlisted insignia of the us armed forces